Dan Ariely
La verità sulla relatività
Possiamo controllare il nostro modo di considerare le cose, modificando la prospettiva.
Tempo di lettura: 2 minuti
Noi possiamo fare qualcosa contro il problema della relatività? La buona notizia è che talvolta possiamo controllare i “cerchi” attorno a noi, muovendoci in direzione di quelli più piccoli che accrescono la nostra felicità relativa. Se siamo a una riunione di ex alunni e al centro della sala c’è un “cerchio grande” con un bicchiere in mano intento a vantarsi del suo megastipendio, possiamo decidere di allontanarci qualche passo e parlare con un’altra persona. Se pensiamo di acquistare una nuova casa possiamo scegliere di visitare solo le case alla nostra portata eliminando quelle al di sopra dei nostri mezzi. Se pensiamo di acquistare una nuova auto possiamo concentrarci solo sui modelli che ci possiamo permettere, e via dicendo. Possiamo anche cambiare il nostro modo di considerare le cose, passando da una prospettiva ristretta a una più ampia.
Ve lo spiego con un esempio tratto da una ricerca condotta da due brillanti studiosi, Amos Tversky e Daniel Kahneman. Supponiamo che oggi abbiate due spese da fare: acquistare una penna e un abito nuovi. In un negozio di cancelleria trovate una bella penna a venticinque dollari. State per comprarla quando vi ricordate che la stessa penna è in vendita a diciotto dollari in un negozio distante un quarto d’ora a piedi. Che cosa fate? Decidete di farvi una camminata di quindici minuti per risparmiare sette dollari? La maggior parte delle persone poste di fronte a questo dilemma risponderebbe sì. Ora eccovi alla seconda spesa: comprare l’abito che vi serve per il lavoro. Trovate un completo gessato a 455 dollari e decidete di prenderlo, ma un altro cliente vi sussurra all’orecchio che lo stesso identico abito, in un negozio distante un quarto d’ora a piedi, è in vetrina a 448 dollari. Ci andreste, nell’altro negozio? In questo caso, la maggior parte delle persone direbbe di no. Allora, un quarto d’ora del vostro tempo li vale questi sette dollari o no? In realtà, ovviamente, sette dollari sono sette dollari, indipendentemente da come li contate.
La sola domanda che dovreste porvi in questi casi è se attraversare la città, e il quarto d’ora necessario per farlo, valgono i sette
dollari che risparmiate. Che la somma su cui risparmiate i sette dollari sia dieci o diecimila dovrebbe essere irrilevante.
Il problema della relatività è questo: noi guardiamo alle nostre decisioni da una prospettiva relativa e le confrontiamo all’alternativa disponibile al momento. Confrontiamo il vantaggio relativo della penna più economica rispetto a quella più cara e il contrasto fa sì che ci sembri ovvio dedicare un quarto d’ora del nostro tempo a risparmiare sette dollari. Allo stesso modo, il vantaggio relativo dell’abito meno caro è molto meno rilevante, così spendiamo i sette dollari in più per quello più costoso.
Condividi
Ricevi notizie sulle nuove uscite e gli eventi della casa editrice, contenuti interessanti e promozioni
Ricevi notizie sulle nuove uscite e gli eventi della casa editrice, contenuti interessanti e promozioni
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